GARRY KASPAROV

Garry Kimovich Kasparov (born on April 13,1963) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former world chess champion, writer, and political activist, whom many consider to be the greatest chess player of all time. From 1986 until his retirement in 2005, Kasparov was ranked world No. 1 for 225 out of 228 months and 255 months overall for his career. His peak rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013. Kasparov also holds records for consecutive professional tournament victories (15) and Chess Oscars (11).

Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association. In 1996 he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls, when he lost to the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a highly publicized match. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. In spite of losing the title, he continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005.

After Kasparov retired, he devoted his time to politics and writing. He formed the United Civil Front movement, and joined as a member of The Other Russia, a coalition opposing the administration and policies of Vladimir Putin. In 2008, he announced an intention to run as a candidate in that year's Russian presidential race, but failure to find a sufficiently large rental space to assemble the number of supporters that is legally required to endorse such a candidacy led him to withdraw. Kasparov blamed "official obstruction" for the lack of available space. He is widely regarded in the West as a symbol of opposition to Putin, and he was barred from the presidential ballot as the political climate in Russia makes it difficult for opposition candidates to organize.

Kasparov is currently chairman for the Human Rights Foundation and chairs its International Council. In 2017, he founded the Renew Democracy Initiative (RDI), an American political organization promoting and defending liberal democracy in the U.S. and abroad. He also serves as chairman of the group.

Notable Games:

Lputian vs Kasparov, 1976 (E80) King's Indian, Samisch Variation, 38 moves, 0-1

E Magerramov vs Kasparov, 1977 (D58) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tartakower (Makagonov-Bondarevsky) Syst, 30 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Pigusov, 1977 (D37) Queen's Gambit Declined, 37 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Yurtaev, 1977 (A65) Benoni, 6.e4, 30 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Palatnik, 1978 (B04) Alekhine's Defense, Modern, 37 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs A Roizman, 1978 (C61) Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defense, 27 moves, 1-0

A Ambartsoumian vs Kasparov, 1978 (E54) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Gligoric System, 26 moves, 0-1

Alburt vs Kasparov, 1978 (E75) King's Indian, Averbakh, Main line, 56 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Polugaevsky, 1978 (B43) Sicilian, Kan, 5.Nc3, 46 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs A N Panchenko, 1978 (B67) Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer Attack, 7...a6 Defense, 8...Bd7, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs R Korsunsky, 1978 (B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 52 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ehlvest, 1978 (B96) Sicilian, Najdorf, 38 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs T Georgadze, 1979 (C41) Philidor Defense, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Browne, 1979 (E12) Queen's Indian, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Polugaevsky, 1979 (B81) Sicilian, Scheveningen, Keres Attack, 37 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs M Vukic, 1979 (E91) King's Indian, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs D Marovic, 1979 (D61) Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox, Rubinstein Attack, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Pribyl, 1980 (D85) Grunfeld, 31 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Csom, 1980 (E42) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3 c5, 5.Ne2 (Rubinstein), 29 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Marjanovic, 1980 (E17) Queen's Indian, 23 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs G Hjorth, 1980 (D34) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 27 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs E Torre, 1980 (A43) Old Benoni, 57 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs R Akesson, 1980 (E12) Queen's Indian, 36 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Chiburdanidze, 1980 (E92) King's Indian, 40 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs T Natsis, 1980 (D85) Grunfeld, 32 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ulf Andersson, 1981 (E12) Queen's Indian, 30 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Yusupov, 1981 (E11) Bogo-Indian Defense, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Fedorowicz, 1981 (E12) Queen's Indian, 34 moves, 1-0

Beliavsky vs Kasparov, 1981 (E83) King's Indian, Samisch, 40 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Yurtaev, 1981 (E48) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3 O-O 5.Bd3 d5, 30 moves, 1-0

Huebner vs Kasparov, 1981 (A30) English, Symmetrical, 49 moves, 0-1

J Sunye Neto vs Kasparov, 1981 (D32) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 47 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Romanishin, 1981 (D85) Grunfeld, 43 moves, 1-0

V Tukmakov vs Kasparov, 1981 (E75) King's Indian, Averbakh, Main line, 29 moves, 0-1

Yudasin vs Kasparov, 1981 (B96) Sicilian, Najdorf, 24 moves, 0-1

Tseshkovsky vs Kasparov, 1981 (B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 25 moves, 0-1

Kavalek vs Kasparov, 1982 (E90) King's Indian, 27 moves, 0-1

Korchnoi vs Kasparov, 1982 (A64) Benoni, Fianchetto, 11...Re8, 36 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Nunn, 1982 (A67) Benoni, Taimanov Variation, 21 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Petrosian, 1982 (E11) Bogo-Indian Defense, 24 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Gheorghiu, 1982 (E12) Queen's Indian, 27 moves, 1-0

L Christiansen vs Kasparov, 1982 (E76) King's Indian, Four Pawns Attack, 40 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Portisch, 1983 (E12) Queen's Indian, 35 moves, 1-0

Ljubojevic vs Kasparov, 1983 (A07) King's Indian Attack, 25 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Beliavsky, 1983 (D35) Queen's Gambit Declined, 38 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs B Ivanovic, 1983 (E26) Nimzo-Indian, Samisch, 26 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1984 (E12) Queen's Indian, 41 moves, 1-0

Huebner vs Kasparov, 1985 (A21) English, 28 moves, 0-1

Karpov vs Kasparov, 1985 (B44) Sicilian, 40 moves, 0-1

Karpov vs Kasparov, 1985 (B84) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 42 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1985 (E21) Nimzo-Indian, Three Knights, 42 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ulf Andersson, 1985 (E06) Catalan, Closed, 5.Nf3, 50 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1985 (E21) Nimzo-Indian, Three Knights, 42 moves, 1-0

F Behrhorst vs Kasparov, 1985 (D93) Grunfeld, with Bf4 & e3, 50 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1985 (C42) Petrov Defense, 67 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Mephisto, 1985 (C97) Ruy Lopez, Closed, Chigorin, 36 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1986 (C92) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1986 (D55) Queen's Gambit Declined, 46 moves, 1-0

Huebner vs Kasparov, 1986 (D90) Grunfeld, 38 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Short, 1986 (D55) Queen's Gambit Declined, 33 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Miles, 1986 (A56) Benoni Defense, 42 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1986 (E21) Nimzo-Indian, Three Knights, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Smejkal, 1986 (C92) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1987 (A21) English, 50 moves, 1-0

Winants vs Kasparov, 1987 (D59) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tartakower, 55 moves, 0-1

B Zueger vs Kasparov, 1987 (D34) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 41 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1987 (A13) English, 64 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Smirin, 1988 (E97) King's Indian, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ulf Andersson, 1988 (D36) Queen's Gambit Declined, Exchange, Positional line, 6.Qc2, 38 moves, 1-0

Ehlvest vs Kasparov, 1988 (A28) English, 25 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs A Sokolov, 1988 (A19) English, Mikenas-Carls, Sicilian Variation, 42 moves, 1-0

Gheorghiu vs Kasparov, 1988 (E88) King's Indian, Samisch, Orthodox, 7.d5 c6, 36 moves, 0-1

Beliavsky vs Kasparov, 1988 (D97) Grunfeld, Russian, 29 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1988 (B17) Caro-Kann, Steinitz Variation, 63 moves, 1-0

Hort vs Kasparov, 1988 (D02) Queen's Pawn Game, 35 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Ivanchuk, 1988 (A29) English, Four Knights, Kingside Fianchetto, 24 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs D H Campora, 1988 (D35) Queen's Gambit Declined, 36 moves, 1-0

Ljubojevic vs Kasparov, 1988 (B81) Sicilian, Scheveningen, Keres Attack, 39 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Short, 1988 (D31) Queen's Gambit Declined, 23 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Salov, 1989 (A15) English, 29 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Speelman, 1989 (B06) Robatsch, 25 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Hjartarson, 1989 (D39) Queen's Gambit Declined, Ragozin, Vienna Variation, 26 moves, 1-0

Piket vs Kasparov, 1989 (E99) King's Indian, Orthodox, Taimanov, 28 moves, 0-1

Short vs Kasparov, 1989 (B93) Sicilian, Najdorf, 6.f4, 103 moves, 0-1

Portisch vs Kasparov, 1989 (D35) Queen's Gambit Declined, 62 moves, 0-1

Beliavsky vs Kasparov, 1989 (B83) Sicilian, 61 moves, 0-1

Kouatly vs Kasparov, 1989 (E92) King's Indian, 31 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1990 (C92) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 44 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1990 (C92) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 41 moves, 1-0

Psakhis vs Kasparov, 1990 (A10) English, 30 moves, 0-1

Korchnoi vs Kasparov, 1991 (E99) King's Indian, Orthodox, Taimanov, 31 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Anand, 1991 (B48) Sicilian, Taimanov Variation, 29 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ivanchuk, 1992 (A35) English, Symmetrical, 45 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 1992 (B17) Caro-Kann, Steinitz Variation, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs P Nikolic, 1992 (D10) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, 37 moves, 1-0

Timman vs Kasparov, 1992 (E87) King's Indian, Samisch, Orthodox, 25 moves, 0-1

Shirov vs Kasparov, 1992 (E86) King's Indian, Samisch, Orthodox, 7.Nge2 c6, 40 moves, 0-1

Anand vs Kasparov, 1992 (B93) Sicilian, Najdorf, 6.f4, 33 moves, 0-1

Karpov vs Kasparov, 1993 (E86) King's Indian, Samisch, Orthodox, 7.Nge2 c6, 27 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Gelfand, 1993 (B87) Sicilian, Fischer-Sozin with ...a6 and ...b5, 25 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Short, 1993 (D35) Queen's Gambit Declined, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Kamsky, 1993 (B80) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1993 (D18) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, Dutch, 65 moves, 1-0

Ljubojevic vs Kasparov, 1993 (E97) King's Indian, 29 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Ivanchuk, 1994 (D44) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Shirov, 1994 (B33) Sicilian, 38 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Kramnik, 1994 (B33) Sicilian, 36 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Illescas Cordoba, 1994 (D34) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 43 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Short, 1994 (C11) French, 32 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Bareev, 1994 (D18) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, Dutch, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs P Nikolic, 1994 (C18) French, Winawer, 39 moves, 1-0

Blitz Kramnik vs Kasparov, 1994 (E92) King's Indian, 39 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Lautier, 1994 (B33) Sicilian, 28 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1994 (B57) Sicilian, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Vaganian, 1995 (D37) Queen's Gambit Declined, 24 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Timman, 1994 (C42) Petrov Defense, 30 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1995 (C51) Evans Gambit, 25 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1995 (C80) Ruy Lopez, Open, 38 moves, 1-0

Anand vs Kasparov, 1995 (B77) Sicilian, Dragon, Yugoslav Attack, 25 moves, 0-1

Topalov vs Kasparov, 1995 (B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 28 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Hracek, 1996 (B66) Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer Attack, 7...a6, 25 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1996 (B13) Caro-Kann, Exchange, 36 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1996 (B84) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 35 moves, 1-0

Anand vs Kasparov, 1996 (B90) Sicilian, Najdorf, 55 moves, 0-1

Topalov vs Kasparov, 1996 (B84) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 63 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Deep Blue, 1996 (D30) Queen's Gambit Declined, 43 moves, 1-0

Piket vs Kasparov, 1996 (E86) King's Indian, Samisch, Orthodox, 7.Nge2 c6, 39 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Gelfand, 1996 (B92) Sicilian, Najdorf, Opocensky Variation, 36 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Kramnik, 1997 (E59) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Main line, 57 moves, 1-0

Shirov vs Kasparov, 1997 (B90) Sicilian, Najdorf, 38 moves, 0-1

Shirov vs Kasparov, 1997 (B90) Sicilian, Najdorf, 40 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Deep Blue, 1997 (A06) Reti Opening, 45 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Piket, 1997 (D27) Queen's Gambit Accepted, Classical, 30 moves, 1-0

Anand vs Kasparov, 1997 (B84) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 41 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs P Nikolic, 1997 (C45) Scotch Game, 27 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Judit Polgar, 1997 (D31) Queen's Gambit Declined, 32 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Anand, 1998 (B17) Caro-Kann, Steinitz Variation, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ivanchuk, 1998 (B66) Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer Attack, 7...a6, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Topalov, 1999 (B07) Pirc, 44 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Svidler, 1999 (D97) Grunfeld, Russian, 31 moves, 1-0

Svidler vs Kasparov, 1999 (B53) Sicilian, 42 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Van Wely, 1999 (B33) Sicilian, 44 moves, 1-0

Anand vs Kasparov, 1999 (B80) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 50 moves, 0-1

Topalov vs Kasparov, 1999 (B80) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 61 moves, 0-1

Kramnik vs Kasparov, 1999 (D87) Grunfeld, Exchange, 35 moves, 1/2-1/2

Kasparov vs Kramnik, 1999 (B62) Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer, 36 moves, 1-0

Adams vs Kasparov, 1999 (A07) King's Indian Attack, 59 moves, 0-1

Movsesian vs Kasparov, 2000 (B80) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 32 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Judit Polgar, 2000 (B90) Sicilian, Najdorf, 44 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Shirov, 2000 (C11) French, 35 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Van Wely, 2000 (B80) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 25 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Bacrot, 2000 (C45) Scotch Game, 39 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Kramnik, 2001 (C67) Ruy Lopez, 41 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Leko, 2001 (C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 31 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Karpov, 2001 (B12) Caro-Kann Defense, 31 moves, 1-0

Tiviakov vs Kasparov, 2001 (B23) Sicilian, Closed, 53 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Shirov, 2001 (C42) Petrov Defense, 45 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Adams, 2002 (C42) Petrov Defense, 47 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs F Vallejo Pons, 2002 (B41) Sicilian, Kan, 50 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Khalifman, 2002 (C61) Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defense, 23 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Judit Polgar, 2002 (B51) Sicilian, Canal-Sokolsky (Rossolimo) Attack, 51 moves, 1-0

Judit Polgar vs Kasparov, 2002 (B33) Sicilian, 45 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Ponomariov, 2002 (C10) French, 38 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Deep Junior, 2003 (D45) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, 27 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Grischuk, 2003 (E32) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, 63 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs V Chuchelov, 2003 (E39) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, Pirc Variation, 27 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs X3D Fritz, 2003 (D45) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, 45 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs Ponomariov, 2003 (E17) Queen's Indian, 43 moves, 1-0

A Timofeev vs Kasparov, 2004 (B50) Sicilian, 42 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Svidler, 2004 (D10) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, 57 moves, 1-0

Kasparov vs A Dreev, 2004 (D44) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, 59 moves, 1-0

Adams vs Kasparov, 2005 (B90) Sicilian, Najdorf, 26 moves, 0-1

Kasimdzhanov vs Kasparov, 2005 (D47) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, 36 moves, 0-1

Kasparov vs Adams, 2005 (E37) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, 54 moves, 1-0